Surface Treatment of Biochar—Methods, Surface Analysis and Potential Applications: A Comprehensive Review

In recent years, biochar has emerged as a remarkable biosourced material for addressing global environmental, agricultural, biomedical, and energy challenges. However, the performances of rest in part on finely tuning its surface chemical properties, intended to obtain specific functionalities. this review, we tackle treatment with silane other coupling agents such diazonium salts, titanates, ionic/non-ionic surfactants, well nitrogen-containing (macro)molecules. We summarize progress achieved mostly last five years correlate nature extent functionalization eye-catchy end applications surface-engineered biochar.